What management practice has the goal of ensuring that services achieve agreed and expected performance?

What Is ITIL?

ITIL stands for Information Technology Infrastructure Library. It is a set of best practices for delivering IT services—it standardizes the selection, planning, delivery, and support of IT services to maximize efficiency and maintain predictable levels of service. It has roots going back to the 1980s in the United Kingdom as a government initiative, and the framework is now covered in five books that are updated periodically. (There were originally 30 books!)

Read more: What are the ITIL® Best Practices?

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What's in the ITIL?

ITIL is an acronym that stands for Information Technology Infrastructure Library. It is a collection of best practices for delivering IT services; it standardizes the planning, selection, delivery, and support of IT services to optimize efficiency and maintain predictable service levels. 

What Are the ITIL Concepts?

ITIL has several key principles that are realized through five core components. Some key ITIL concepts and principles are:

• Delivering maximum value to customers
• Optimizing resources and capabilities
• Offering services that are useful and reliable
• Planning processes with specific goals in mind
• Defining roles clearly for each task.

Before we get to the five core components of ITIL concepts, let’s define some important ITIL terms.

Read more: How to become a Certified ITIL® Expert?

What Are ITIL's Guiding Principles?

The following are the seven ITIL guiding principles:

1. Emphasize Value And Customer Experience
2. Begin Where You Are
3. Iteratively Progress with Feedback
4. Collaborate and Increase Visibility
5. Consider and Work Holistically
6. Keep It Simple and Functional
7. Automate and Optimise

Key ITIL Terms

Capabilities

The specialized skills or abilities an organization applies to resources in order to create value.

Functions

Self-contained subsets of an organization intended to accomplish specific tasks. They usually take the form of a group of people and the tools they use.

Processes

Structured sets of activities designed to achieve a specific objective. The four basic characteristics of processes are:

• They transform inputs into outputs
• They deliver results to a specific customer or stakeholder
• They are measurable
• They are triggered by specific events

Resources

The raw materials that contribute to a service, such as money, equipment, time, and staff.

Roles

Defined collections of responsibilities and privileges. Roles may be held by individuals or teams.

Service Assets

Also known just as assets, these refer to the resources and capabilities that a service provider must allocate to offer a service.

Service Management

Specialized capabilities for delivering value to customers in the form of services.

Services

A means of delivering value to customers without requiring them to own specific costs and risks.

Value, Utility, and Warranty

The value of the service consists of two components: utility and warranty. Services must offer both utility and warranty to have value. Utility, also called fitness for purpose, refers to the ability of the service to remove constraints or increase the performance of the customer. Warranty, also called fitness for use, is the ability of the service to operate reliably.

As discussed above, let's dive into the five core components of ITIL concepts.

ITIL Framework

The framework of ITIL is divided into five broad stages or categories:

• Service Strategy
• Service Design
• Service Transition
• Service Operation
• Continual Service Improvement

Now on to the ITIL frameworks.

1. Service Strategy

The purpose of Service Strategy is to provide a strategy for the service lifecycle. The strategy should be in sync with business objectives. The utility and warranty of this component are designed to ensure that the service is fit for purpose and fit for use, respectively. Ensuring this is important, as these two components are what add value to the delivery of services to customers.

As mentioned above, each major category has subcategories. Within the category of Service Strategy, there are four subcategories.

a) Service Portfolio Management 

The Service Portfolio is the entire set of services under management by a service provider. It consists of three major parts: Service Pipeline, Service Catalog, and Retired Services. Service Portfolio Management organizes the process by which services are identified, described, evaluated, selected and chartered.

b) Demand Management

The Demand Management process is concerned with understanding and influencing customer demand. It involves User Profiles, which characterize different typical groups of users for a given service, and Patterns of Business Activity, which represent the way users in different user profiles access a service over the course of a given time period.

c) Financial Management

The Financial Management process provides a means of understanding and managing costs and opportunities associated with services. It includes three basic activities:

• Accounting
  Tracking how money is spent by a service provider
• Budgeting
  Planning how the money will be spent by a service provider
• Charging
  Securing payment from customers for services provided

d) Strategy Operations

Strategy Operations ensure that services such as fulfilling user requests, resolving service failures, fixing problems and carrying out routine operational tasks are performed efficiently and effectively.

2. Service Design

The Service Design lifecycle phase is about the design of services and all supporting elements for introduction into the live environment. The “Four Ps of Service Design” represent areas that should be taken into consideration when designing a service. They are:

• People
  Human resources and organizational structures required to support the service
• Processes
  Service Management processes required to support the service
• Products
  Technology and other infrastructure required to support the service
• Partners
  Third parties that offer additional support required to support the service

There are seven processes included in Service Design.

a) Service Catalog Management

The Service Catalog is a subset that contains services available to customers and users. It is often the only portion of the Service portfolio visible to customers. It commonly acts as the entry portal for all information services in the live environment.

b) Service Level Management

Service Level Management is charged with securing and managing agreements between customers and the service provider regarding the level of performance (utility) and level of reliability (warranty) associated with specific services. Service Level Management results in the creation of Service Level Agreements (SLAs) between customers and the provider. Operational Level Agreements (OLAs) are performance agreements nearly identical in nature to SLAs.

c) Availability Management

The Availability Management process is concerned with the management and achievement of agreed-upon availability requirements as established in Service Level Agreements. In ITIL, “availability” is defined as “the ability of a system, service or configuration item to perform its function when required.”

d) Capacity Management

Capacity Management is concerned with ensuring that at all times, the cost-effective capacity exists that meets or exceeds the needs of the business as established in Service Level Agreements. In ITIL, “capacity” is defined as “the maximum throughput a service, system or device can handle.” Capacity Management is divided into three major activities:

• Business Capacity Management (BCM)
• Service Capacity Management (SCM)
• Component Capacity Management (CCM)

e) Service Continuity Management

The Service Continuity Management process (ITSCM) ensures that the service provider can always provide the minimum agreed-upon levels of service. IT Service Continuity Management uses techniques such as Business Impact Analysis (BIA) and Management of Risk (MOR). It results in the production of the IT Service Continuity Plan, which is an aspect of the overall Business Continuity Plan.

f) IT Security Management

IT Security Management focuses on protecting five basic qualities of information assets:

• Confidentiality
  Assurance that the asset is available only to appropriate parties
• Integrity
  Assurance that the asset has not been modified by unauthorized parties
• Availability
  Assurance that the asset may be utilized when required
• Authenticity
  Assurance that the transactions and the identities of parties to transactions are genuine
• Nonrepudiation
  Assurance that transactions, once completed, may not be reversed without approval

g) Supplier Management

Supplier Management is charged with obtaining value for money from third-party suppliers. It plays a very similar role to that of Service Level Management, but with respect to external suppliers rather than internal suppliers and internal/external customers. Supplier Management handles supplier evaluation, contract negotiations, performance reviews, renewals, and terminations.

3. Service Transition

The objective of the Service Transition process is to build and deploy IT services, making sure that changes to services and Service Management processes are carried out in a coordinated way.

In this phase of the lifecycle, the design is built, tested, and moved into production to enable the business customer to achieve the desired value. This phase addresses managing changes: controlling the assets and configuration items (the underlying components, such as hardware and software) associated with the new and changed systems, service validation, testing and transition planning to ensure that users, support personnel, and the production environment have been prepared for the release to production. There are seven processes within the category of Service Transition.

a) Change Management

The objective of this processing activity is to control the lifecycle of all the changes with minimum disruption to IT services.

b) Evaluation

The objective of the Evaluation process is to assess major changes, such as the introduction of a new service or a substantial change to an existing service before those changes are allowed to proceed to the next phase in their lifecycle.

c) Transition Planning and Support (Project Management)

This process focuses on planning and coordinating the use of resources to deploy a major release within the predicted cost, time and quality estimates.

d) Release and Deployment Management

The objective of this process is to plan, schedule, and control the movement of releases to testing and live environments, ensuring that the integrity of the live environment is protected and that the correct components are released.

3) Service Validation and Testing

This process ensures that deployed releases and the resulting services meet customer expectations, and verifies that IT operations are able to support the new service.

f) Service Asset and Configuration Management

The objective is to maintain information about configuration items required to deliver an IT service, including their relationships.

g) Knowledge Management

The objective is to gather, analyze, store, and share knowledge and information within an organization, improving efficiency by reducing the need to rediscover knowledge. 

4. Service Operations

This stage focuses on meeting end-users’ expectations while balancing costs and discovering any potential problems. The Service Operations process includes fulfilling user requests, resolving service failures, fixing problems, and carrying out routine operational tasks. This is the only category of the five that has functions as well as processes. There are five processes and four functions.

a) Event Management (process)

The objective is to make sure configuration items (CIs) and services are constantly monitored and to filter and categorize events in order to decide on appropriate actions.

b) Incident Management (process)

The objective is to manage the lifecycle of all incidents, returning the IT service to users as quickly as possible.

c) Request Fulfilment (process)

The objective is to fulfill service requests, which in most cases are minor changes (for example, requests to change a password) or requests for information.

d) Access Management (process)

The objective is to grant authorized users the right to use a service while preventing access to unauthorized users. The Access Management process essentially executes policies defined in Information Security Management. It is sometimes also referred to as Rights Management or Identity Management.

e) Problem Management (process)

The objective is to manage the lifecycle of all problems, preventing incidents from happening, and minimizing the impact of incidents that cannot be prevented. Proactive Problem Management analyzes incident records and uses data collected by other IT Service Management processes to identify trends or significant problems.

f) IT Operations Management (function)

The objective is to monitor and control the IT services and their underlying infrastructure, executing day-to-day routine tasks related to the operation of infrastructure components and applications. This includes job scheduling, backing up and restoring, print and output management, and routine maintenance.

g) Service Desk (function)

This is the point of contact between users and the service provider. A service desk usually handles communication with the users and also manages incidents and service requests.

h) Application Management (function)

Application Management is responsible for managing applications throughout their lifecycle.

i) Technical Management (function)

Technical Management provides technical expertise and support for the management of the IT infrastructure.

5. Continual Service Improvement (CSI)

The objective of this stage is to use methods from quality management to learn from past successes and failures. It aims to continually improve the effectiveness and efficiency of IT processes and services in line with the concept of continual improvement adopted in ISO 2000. There is only one process in this area, and it has seven steps:

1. Identifying improvement strategies
2. Defining what will be measured
3. Gathering data
4. Processing data
5. Analyzing data
6. Presenting and using the information drawn from the data
7. Using the information to improve

How Do I Put ITIL into Practice?

The following are some tips to put your new ITIL learning into practice:

1. First, find opportunities to apply your new knowledge, either in your current role or elsewhere within the IT organization, ideally before you begin your exams.
2. Before you begin, you should have discussed the "why" of pursuing the ITIL certification with your manager. If not, retrofit it by determining how your new knowledge can benefit your organization and making this your "why."
3. The "Eight-Field Model" is a tried-and-true method for managers and their teams to focus on and improve the value of their training investments.
4. As you set out to improve the status quo with your new ITIL learnings, keep the desired outcomes (the end) in mind rather than the processes/practices (the means).
5. Don't throw away your ITIL study materials. Instead, keep your ITIL books and study notes safe and accessible if you need to refer back to them.
6. Rather than following the ITIL-training order verbatim, try to apply what you've learned to the things that will have the most significant positive business impact.
7. Remain grounded in your ITIL Foundation Certification and how much it is worth.

What Is ITIL Certification, and Is It Worth It?

ITIL, formerly known as the "Information Technology Infrastructure Library," has long been recognized as a global standard in IT Service Management (ITSM). It is a best-practice framework designed to help organizations maximize the value of their IT-enabled services and products by ensuring their development, upkeep, and alignment with critical business goals. 

How Does ITIL Help Business?

ITIL implementation can help your company learn from its mistakes and establish solid performance indicators and appropriate expenses to achieve service quality.

Individuals can use ITIL to support and advance their business strategies by utilizing high-quality IT systems and practices.

ITIL allows businesses to collaborate with other business units, effectively optimizing your IT environment.

What Will ITIL Cost?

The ITIL v4 certification cost is divided into two parts: training and certification. The ITIL4 foundation training and certification costs between Rs. 20,000 and 30,000.

How Does ITIL Reduce Costs?

Pink Elephant, for example, reports in its benefits of ITIL paper that approximately $500 million were saved by Procter and Gamble over four years. This was done by reducing help desk calls and improving operations. Nationwide insurance reduced system outages by 40%, and a $4.3 million ROI was expected over three years, while Capital One reduced "business critical" incidents by 92% over two years. Following three years of ITIL implementation, MeadWestvaco (a forest products company) claimed to have saved more than $100,000 per year in IT maintenance contracts and experienced a 10% increase in operational stability due to ITIL.

ITIL Processes and Functions

Within the five broad stages/categories of the ITIL service lifecycle are subcategories. For example, Financial Management, Service Portfolio Management, Demand Management, and Strategy Operations all fall under the broader category of Service Strategy.

Each subcategory of the ITIL framework is either a process or a function. Service Operations is the only category that has functions; all the other ITIL categories contain only processes. Here’s a diagram that shows whether each subcategory is a process or a function.

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History of ITIL

ITIL was created by the CCTA - Central Computing and Telecommunications Agency, a government agency in the United Kingdom, at the end of the 1980s. The CCTA was commissioned due to a lack of quality in the IT services procured by the British Government, and a method to achieve better quality at a lower cost had to be found. 

Since then, ITIL has evolved to ITIL 4, which AXELOS released in February 2019. ITIL 4 embraces the most recent trends in technology and service management, providing a flexible foundation to help organizations undergo digital transformation and integrate digital technology into all aspects of their operations.

ITIL Processes and Stages: Summary

To recap, there are five main stages of ITIL: Service Strategy, Service Design, Service Transition, Service Operations, and Continual Service Improvement. Each of those stages has subcategories of processes. The Service Operations category has functions as well as processes. All of the ITIL processes and stages work together to maximize efficiency and reliability of services and to ensure continual improvement of services.

If you’re looking to become an expert in ITIL, consider starting with Simplilearn’s ITIL Certification course. If you’re already a certified ITIL V3 Expert or have some experience with ITIL V3, consider taking our ITIL 4 Managing Professional Transition Module Training now.

Or check out the more advanced classes in the ITIL suite! In the meantime, go through this Simplilearn video on “ITIL Foundation Basics” delivered by our ITIL experts that takes you through ITIL basics.

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