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Terms in this set (195)The general trend of Americans' attitudes toward the unmarried has been from an attitude of __________ to an attitude of __________. Select one: non-acceptance; acceptance In the United States there appears to have been a broad cultural shift in the values Americans hold most dear. The general trend has been from an emphasis on ________ to _________. Select one: parenting; self-fulfillment The primary family unit in Western nations is Select one: the small, household-based family of parents and children. Sociologists generally do not use experiments to prove or disprove relationships between two factors since ______ is seldom possible. Select one: randomization If you want to determine how a family is adjusting to the daily expectations and changes of remarried life with children, the most effective sociological theory to employ would be Select
one: symbolic interaction While the public family is about __________, the private family is about __________. A. caretaking and dependency/nurturing and intimacy caretaking and dependency/nurturing and intimacy From a(n) _______ perspective, people are viewed as rational beings who decide whether to exchange goods or services by considering the benefits they will receive, the costs they will incur, and the benefits they might receive if they chose an alternative course of action. Select one: exchange perspective Gender, the characteristics distinguishing men and women from each other, is thought to originate from __________ defined roles, according to feminist theorists. Select one: culturally To conduct ___________ studies, researchers may join the group they are interested in and live with them for a period of time. Select one: observational Of the following, which group would NOT fit the definition of a public family? Select one: A childless married couple with no dependents In 2004, the state of _______________ became the first state to legalize same-sex marriage, joining the countries of Canada, Spain, Belgium and the Netherlands. Select one: Massachusetts If you were concerned with the way families discipline their children, handle their disagreements, or share their affection, you would be focusing on the Select one: private family The best term to describe the attitude of many Americans toward marriage and family in the 2000s is Select one: ambivalence Those most likely to view marriage as a socially constructed institution organized to maintain male dominance most likely subscribe to the principles of Select
one: feminist theory A state in which family members are unsure of who is and who is not in the family is referred to as Select one: boundary ambiguity The emergence of a protected, extended stage of childhood in the 1800s occurred as a result of Select one: the spread of schooling and a decline in child deaths Extended families (other relatives in the household besides husband, wife, and their children) were never predominant in the United States because Select one: life expectancy was short and made it improbable that grandparents lived with their children Before the arrival of the Europeans, most Native Americans lived in Select one: tribal societies based on lineages The real responsibility of the True Woman as described by historian Barbara Welter was Select one: to save men from immoral behavior and take over much of the day-to-day home tasks for men
The primary job open to African-American and Mexican American women prior to the 1960s was Select one: domestic servant Informal marriage was common in all but which of the following groups Select one: Chinese immigrants The family system in which descent is reckoned through both the mother's and the father's line is followed in the United States and is called Select one: bilateral kinship The disruption of slave families was more severe in Select one: The Appalachian area The mestizo group of Mexican American settlers Select one: were farmers In the United States, levels of lifetime childlessness were higher for women who reached their peak child-bearing years in the __________ than in any other generation of women in the twentieth century. Select one: 1930s According to contemporary research, the breadwinner-homemaker family was: Select one: dominant only in the aftermath of the Depression and World War II in the 1950s A benefit that may have resulted from women's restriction to the world of home, and which may have laid the groundwork for subsequent women's social and political movements, was Select one: the creation of a subculture of sisterhood. A form of polygamy in which a man is allowed to have more than one wife is also referred to as Select one: polygyny A study of the history of family reveals that __________ family is as old as human civilization but that _______ family emerged much more recently. Select one: public; private The American Revolution of 1776 brought about many changes including: Select one: increased autonomy of women within the family In sociological terms, gender is considered a
__________ creation, while sex is considered a _________ creation. social/biological The play of boys and girls, even those who are older (fifth grade and above), differs in that boys are more likely to play __________, while girls are more likely to play __________. Select one: in large groups with a goal; in small groups without a goal According to the interactionist approach, gender differences between men and women exist primarily because of Select one: everyday behavior that reinforces gender distinctions The central mechanism of the socialization approach to explaining male/female differences is __________ while that of the interactionist approach is __________. Select one: learning; behavior Of the following which is "gendered"? Select one: all of the above Social science research provides evidence that most children develop a gender identity during Select one: pre-school years. Socialization research is focused on the affect of ________ on influencing children's beliefs of proper behavior for boys and girls. Select one: all of the above Psychologist Eleanor Maccoby suggests that same sex peer groups reinforce a(n) __________ interaction style in boys and a(n) __________ interaction style in girls. Select one: dominance oriented; cooperative
Sex chromosomes, reproductive organs, and physical characteristics are all __________ characteristics that distinguish us humans by __________. Select one: biological; sex A consistent finding across all studies of the play behavior of young girls and boys is that Select one: boys, on average, show more competitive behavior than girls. The feminist-influenced branch of men's studies believe that male aggressiveness is Select one: a social construct The overwhelming predominance of _________ suggests that it is the typical manner in which people have made sense out of sex. Select one: the two-gender model "Two-spirited" females were most likely to be found in societies Select one: where men had less control over women. Hormone influences of the mother on her fetus in the second trimester of
pregnancy can fully determine children's behaviors. False Two-spirit-like gender categories have been documented in many Native American cultures. True When asked on surveys (such as the General Social Survey) to which class they belong, most U.S. residents respond that they are either Select one: working class or middle class Upper class families in the United States are characterized by which of the following: Select one: They tend to be highly recognized as part of the social and cultural elite of their communities. Studies in the United States suggest that husbands and wives may belong to different classes in ____________ of all two-parent, two-earner families. Select one: one-third Since the 1970s, families whose income lies in the middle of the income distribution (of all U.S. families) have kept up with the cost of living primarily by Select one: having wives take jobs outside the home Which of the following is most likely to be married when they give birth? Select one: Women with a college degree. Kinship networks of the poor Select one: all of the above Based on sociological studies, those kinship ties that engender the strongest feelings of obligation are Select one: vertical kinship ties including parents to children to grandchildren. Which of the following is not a value emphasized by working class parents? Select
one: creativity. All of the following are advantages that middle-class children gain from "the accomplishment of natural growth" except which? Select one: They are more physically fit. Working class compared to middle class parents differ in their choice of important childrearing values primarily because of Select one: different job experiences. A group of people who share a common style of life and often identify with each other is called a/an Select one: status group Chances of divorce have been _______ for college graduates and ________ for people who did not graduate from high school Select one: declining; increasing Income inequality among families has increased because of all but which of the following? Select one: the decline in number of children born in each family The concept of status group was refined by the famous sociologist Select one: Max Weber Of the following, the best example of an assortative marriage would be a Protestant college graduate marrying a Catholic college graduate When Barack Obama was born in Hawaii to an interracial married couple in 1961 at least ________ states had laws forbidding marriages between whites and non-whites. Select one: 15 Correct The number of births and deaths among American Indians did not change dramatically between 1970 and 1980. How would you explain the 72 percent rise in their population during this same time period? More people began to think of themselves as American Indian and reported themselves to the U.S. Census as that. The number of middle-class African American families in the United States has been increasing, but one critical aspect that distinguishes them from middle-class white families is their Select one: assets such as savings, investments, and homes. Among Hispanics, the racial-ethnic group members who, on average, are the least likely to formally marry are Select one: Puerto Ricans. Family households in the United States most likely to marry a spouse of a different race are from the __________ racial-ethnic group. Select one: Asian American The decline in marriage among African Americans can be explained by the following phenomenon: Select one: the lack of suitable marriage partners for women due to job losses and incarceration among men. To overcome their economic hardships, Puerto Ricans have used a system of __________, much as African Americans have used a system of __________. Select one: consensual unions; female-centered kin networks The _________ category has become an umbrella for an extremely diverse group of people that differ in language, religion, and physical features. Select one: Both B and C The economically disadvantaged position of American Indian families is most comparable to that of Select one: African American families The first wave of Cuban-American immigrants, in contrast to most other major immigrant groups in the United States, arrived in _____. Select one: a political migration Statistics from 2006 show that ____ of American Indian births were to mothers who were unmarried. Select one: 36% One way mentioned by Cherlin in which Asian culture differs from American culture pertains to Select one: the responsibility assumed by adult children for their parents When comparing African American and white families it can be said that black families are more likely to Select one: All of the above The lowest poverty rates among Hispanic families are those of Select one: Cuban American In referring to "whiteness as an ethnicity" it can be said that Select one: all of the above The fact that sexual identities have only recently emerged as a concept suggests that: Select one: they are socially constructed. Social constructionists would argue that sexual identities Select one: vary from culture to culture The group most likely to show a link between biology and homosexuality would be Select one: identical twins Queer theory explains that sexual life is artificially organized into categories that reflect the power of heterosexual norms. "Living apart
together" (LAT), people who are intimately involved but live in separate households, was first noticed in Europe in the late 1970s A significant development in the twentieth century that has
changed the relationship between sex-as-reproduction to sex-as-pleasure is: modern methods of contraception. The concept of sexual identity requires _____________ and ________________ that was not prominent until the late nineteenth century. Select
one: self consciousness; self-examination. In several surveys of adult sexual activity, over __% of women and over ___% of men said that they had had no sex partners other than their spouses over the previous 12 months. Select one: 97; 94 A person's sexual orientation is a result of Select one: still undetermined The Kinsey Report, a book published in 1948, shocked the nation because Select one: all of the above The two categories of sexual activity prior to the late nineteenth century included the following Select one: socially approved and socially disapproved. Today, in general, couples in a marriage are most likely to Select one: practice sexual monogamy Changes in sexual activity in the United States since the start of the century have served to: Select one: weaken the role of marriage as the core of family life. Cohabiting relationships of opposite or same sex couples would not be common without the increasing acceptance of sexual activity outside marriage. Select one: True Both the Kinsey Report and the recent NSFG study show that sexual orientation appears to be one-dimensional. Select one: False Historically in the United States, and in some developing nations today, __________ has/have played an important part in the selection of a spouse. Select one: parents Living together without marrying would be more common among the poor of a society primarily because Select one: it matters less who is morally or legally bound to whom. Dating Select one: was a system of exchanging goods for companionship The breadwinner-homemaker model of marriage Select one: flourished in the 1950s, at least for middle class whites A marriage in which the emphasis is on self-development, flexible roles, and open communication is called Select one: individualistic marriage Courtship Select one: is publicly visible and has rules and restrictions With the emergence of adolescence as a recognized life stage for teenagers, the high school and college years gave young people Select one: a protected time relatively free of parental involvement. After the 1900s, the key resource that young people in the United States gained, which changed a centuries-old system of courtship was: Select one: spending money. Burgess, a family sociologist, did not foresee the dual-earner marriage overtaking the breadwinner-homemaker marriage Hooking up Select one: all of the above Increasingly, people in American society enter into marriage because: Select one: they want to increase their level of personal satisfaction. Which of the following was not a factor in changing the nature of marriage from companionship to individualization? Select one: the migration of large numbers of people to rural areas The institutional marriage is marked predominately by Select one: strict roles dictating how one is to behave within the family unit. Compared to women with less education and lower earnings, the specialization model predicts that women with more education and higher earnings are __________ likely to marry while the income-pooling model predicts they are __________ likely to marry. Select one: less; more Recent studies suggest that cohabitation is Select one: all of the above Which of the following factors is not related to women's increased participation in the labor force? Select one:
expansion of manufacturing jobs Tronto (1993) and others believe that we overvalue individualism and _________ and undervalue interdependence and __________. Select one: autonomy; caring The percentage of Americans who work very long weeks (50 hours or more) is higher than in Select one: all of the above Face-to-face activity in which one person meets the needs of another who cannot fully care for herself or himself is called Select one: care work. Presser (1999) reports that about 1/3 of all dual-earner married couples arrange for childcare by Select one: working different shifts. Most childcare assistance currently offered by U.S. business firms benefits Select
one: the middle-class. The most common and widely used employee benefit is Select one: flextime. The first parental leave act passed by U.S. Congress in 1993 (and still in effect) provided parental leave under the following conditions Select one: 12 weeks unpaid leave in firms with more than 50 employees. People who do paid care work Select
one: all of the above In 2004, what percentage of all workers had evening, night, or rotating schedules? Select one: 18 One of the most important twentieth-century developments for the family has been Select one: the movement of married women into employment outside the home. Some observers have suggested that balancing work and family has become difficult for Americans because they are Select one: working longer hours. By the mid-200s, what percentage of wage and salary workers telecommuted on an average day? Select one: 10 The United States has been a frontrunner among industrialized nations in implementing family-friendly policies for U.S. workers. False The proportion of housework done by husbands in the United States went up dramatically as wives enter the labor market. Select one: False Of the three types of parenting styles that Baumrind researched, the __________ parenting style seems to produce children who are more socially competent. authoritative The different manner in which parents treat male and female children can be attributed to ______, which have little to do with true biological differences. Select one: gender roles The major source of primary socialization for children in the United States is Select one: family. The best parents (that is, those who are most likely to produce children who are socially competent) perform three tasks well: they set clear standards, they enforce standards consistently without harsh punishment, and they __________. Select one: provide substantial emotional support In the United States each class socializes its children to: Select one: fit the same kinds of job positions they themselves have. The changing nature of adoption is reflected in the fact that Select one: a significant portion of adopted children are foreign born Recent research on fathering suggests that: Select one: father involvement is correlated with positive development in both sons and daughters. In studies of white, middle-class families in Iowa who were under economic pressure, Elder and Conger found that fathers in these families Select one: were irritable and hostile toward their wives and children. About half of the disadvantages of living in a single- parent family are due to Select one: low income. The few studies of children growing up in lesbian families compared to heterosexual families show that Select one: there is little significant difference between the two. People surveyed in 2003 believed what percentage of children lived in poverty: Select one: 30% Socialization of children is closely correlated with: Select one: cultural norms and values. Families that maintain continual contact with each other even though they live in different countries are called Select one: transnational families Children in America experience more changes to the compositions of their households than do children in any other Western nation. Select one: True Single parents appear to be less capable of adequate parenting. Select one: False As the twentieth century ended, the most common living arrangement among elderly women in the U.S. became Select one: living alone. Most of the elderly, when asked in survey after survey, prefer to live out their old age __________. Select one: alone Today in the United States there are more than ______________ centenarians, people who live to be more than 100 years old. Select one: 50,000 Which of the following factors has contributed to grandparenthood becoming a distinct stage of life? Select one: all of the above The most common generation linkage of kin in the United States is __________ generations. Select one: three Based on current figures, you and your parents' lives, on average, will overlap by about _____ years. Select one: 50 Among the elderly, those most likely to be poor are: Select one: all of the above The primary factor determining the amount and degree of contact among families is Select one: geographical distance. Which of the following relationships tends to be the most distant in middle and late life in the United States? Select one: divorced father-children Public awareness of nursing home care for the elderly has been influenced in recent years by numerous expose-type news articles and documentaries. This focus has had the perhaps unintended result of many U.S. citizens believing that _____ of the elderly live in nursing homes, when in fact, most of the elderly are cared for by _____. Select one: a majority; members of their families Of the following living arrangements, which is the most likely one for elderly men today in the United States? Select one: living with a spouse The percentage of grandchildren living with grandparents has Select one: increased Skipped-generation households are created because of the following reason/s all of the above Intergenerational ties are becoming more important because of Select one: the decline of the two-parent nuclear family. When the author uses the term the "family national guard" he refers to Select one: grandparents Child abuse is least likely to occur in what type of family? Select one: families in which both parents are employed "Situational couple violence" is typified by Select one: it arises from a particular incident Female
victims of violence in the United States face the highest risk of physical injury from someone they know well. "Intimate terrorism" is characterized by all of the above The theory that aggressive behavior occurs when a person is blocked from achieving a goal is called Select one: frustration-aggression perspective Most reports of rape in surveys of date rape reveal that rape was committed Select one: ... Which of the following characteristics would describe a young man who has committed sexual aggression against an acquaintance compared to a
young man who has not? all of the above Only
___ percent of men have reported experiencing a violent act by an intimate partner, while ____ percent of women have reported experiencing a violent act by an intimate partner. 5: 22 The teacher of a required course on how to handle conflict and anger in a relationship would most likely be using a __________ approach to domestic
violence. social learning Of the three types of relationships—dating, married, and cohabiting relationships—which has the highest incidence of physical assault? Select one: cohabiting In an experiment conducted by the Minneapolis Police Force in the early 1980s, _____ resulted in the lowest level of repeat violence. Select one: rresting the suspect The feminist movement in the United States had as its fundamental goal on the issue of domestic violence Select one: to remove the social supports for male violence in our culture. If a domestic
violence advocate were operating under the political model, he/she would be most apt to support which of the following? increasing women's pay to a level equal to men's A 2004 study found that the elderly were most likely to be abused by Select one: their children. Of the substantiated elder abuse cases in 2004, the most prevalent type was Select one: caregiver neglect The typical waiting period for a divorce in the United States is _____, which is _____ than most other Western countries. one year or less; lower According to research reported by Cherlin, which of the following individual risk factors increases the likelihood of divorce? Select one: all of the above Women's employment in the United States has had the effect, overall, of Select one: making divorce more likely. One of the most consistent findings of the research into the effects of divorce is that fathers after divorce are not as involved with their children as they may have been before. The woman that is least likely to obtain a legal divorce after separation? Select one: an African American woman Of the following couples, which one is the least likely to divorce in contemporary U.S. society? Select one: couples with the same religious background On the basis of what we know of the currently available research reports, children of divorced parents Select one: all of the above Historically, annulments were only granted in the following case(s) Select one: both a and c The arrangement whereby divorced parents coordinate their activities and cooperate with each other in raising their children is commonly referred to as Select one: coparenting Single father families now represent ____% of single parent families Select one: 15 Which of the following was NOT grounds for divorce during the era of divorce tolerance? Select one: irreconcilable differences In the era of restricted divorce, men were more likely to be granted a divorce based on adultery than women. This was due primarily to the fact that in an agricultural-based economy, men needed to control labor (children) by controlling sexual access to their wives. Which of the following was NOT grounds for divorce in the American colonies? Select one: financial difficulties In the era of restricted divorce, countries with that were predominantly __________ were more liberal about divorce. Select one: Protestant All of the following were official reasons for divorce in the era of divorce tolerance, except Select one: emotional dissatisfaction Which of the following racial-ethnic group members are most likely, on average, to remarry after a divorce? Select one: non-Hispanic whites Cherlin describes life in stepfamilies as a(n) ______ social institution. Select one: incomplete In all discussions of stepfamilies and step-relatives it is obvious, on the basis of current research findings, that the primary ingredient in making a stepfamily "work" in ways similar to the common conjugal unit is that someone Select one: does the work of kinship. The stepparent who is in a stable stepfamily is likely to Select one: all of the above Therapists suggest that the transitional period in forming new family systems for many stepfamilies is approximately 2-4 years Stepmothers who do not live with their stepchildren see themselves as friends of the stepchildren Among racial-ethnic groups, those who are least likely to remarry in the United States are African American. One of the critical factors determining whether a child considers a stepparent a "real" parent is Select one: the age of the child when the stepparent joined the household. For children living in stepfamily households, the effect best established in research literature is Select one: they leave their households at an earlier age than children in other types of families. Of the types of kinship ties, which is more likely to change over the course of a person's lifetime? Select one: created kinship ties The original Old English prefix "step" as in stepmother signified a relationship caused by Select
one: death Remarriage rates tend to be lower for: Select one: the poor than the non-poor. The likelihood that remarriages that include stepchildren will end in divorce is ______ in comparison to those that do not. Select one: higher The introduction of a stepparent into a household containing a young teenager is increasingly difficult due to the effects of ______. Select one:
adolescence With the increasing numbers of remarriages and subsequent stepfamilies, the practices of the court system in the United States have been Select one: evolving slowly toward recognizing some rights and responsibilities of stepparents. Sets with similar termsMarriage and Family- Final Exam99 terms leahholub9 Soc 301/G St 303 Final- James Hill136 terms baileyb20 quiz 3 fam diversity81 terms emylee_giraldo Other sets by this creatorChiefs roster50 terms hmayo2 Chiefs dates22 terms hmayo2 art history final ole miss ARIZZOLI55 terms hmayo2 SOCIOLOGY THE FAMILY FINAL510 terms hmayo2 Verified questions
SOCIOLOGY Herbert Gans, a noted sociologist, has written about the functions of poverty. He says that poverty serves many useful purposes in society. For example, the poor act as dishwashers, maids, and parking attendants. What are some other ways in which poverty might benefit society? What are some conflicts that poverty causes? Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY Below are several statements about older people, identify each statement with one major theoretical perspective: functionalism (F), conflict theory (C), or symbolic interactionism (S). a. Ageism results in part from an oversupply of labor. b. Young people are uncomfortable around older people. c. The stigma attached to aging promotes a low self-concept among older people. d. Ageism is associated with industrialization e. Older people are stereotyped. f. Ageism exist is part because older workers are inefficient. Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY In a supervisor system, a board of supervisors is responsible for governing the county, overseeing departments, and creating policies. governing the county, with little power to create policies. governing the county with a council and an executive. governing the county, creating policies, and supervising a council. Verified answer
SOCIOLOGY Identify the following actions as desocialization (D), resocialization (R), or anticipatory socialization (A). a. First-year students acquire a new identity during their freshman year at a military academy. b. Prison personnel deliberately attempt to destroy the self-concepts of inmates. c. High school students identify with college students Verified answer Related questionsQUESTION Lulia is a computer engineer at a large software company. Which statement is likely true of lulia? 6 answers QUESTION Explain the proverb "a house without an elderly person is like an orchard without a well" 4 answers QUESTION Ian is a high school principal who feels a great deal of stress. He is short-tempered with his family and often exhausted. This situation is an example of.... 2 answers QUESTION Joe divorced Susan two years ago. They have three children. He is now remarried to Maggie, who has two children of her own and is pregnant. Joe stopped paying child support to Susan. Which category does Joe fall into? 3 answers |
