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What is globalisation and is it a new phenomenon? Many argue that the phenomenon of globalisation is new and that it is present in our lives only the past 20 years. This essay will research the phenomenon of globalisation, pointing at its advantages and disadvantages. This document is going to discuss how globalisation affects the global economy and how it is caused, as well as if it benefits only the developed world or if the developing countries gain as well. Globalisation can be defined as the ability of firms to transfer raw material, capital and labour anywhere in the world, take advantage of domestic conditions where they might locate and sell wherever they wish (usually internationally) make profits and transfer them wherever they want. Another definition of globalisation is ??The innumerable interconnections ? economic, cultural, technological, political ? which bind the local and national into the global community; the consequence of neo-liberal economic policies which see everything, including education, as a commodity to be sold to the global market place?. (Hicks D, in Hicks, D. & Holden, C.2007) Also, as Garlake states, another opinion about what globalisation is, is the following: ??..the process through which individuals, groups, companies and countries become increasingly interdependent. ...read more. However because one of the causes of globalisation is the advance in technology and in particular the Internet many argue that globalisation is a recent phenomenon. The statistic that perhaps best reflects the growth of globalisation is the value of cross-border world trade expressed as a percentage of total global Gross Domestic Product: it was around 15% in 1990, is some 20% today and is expected to rise to 30% by 2015. There is also the idea that globalisation is a phenomenon that ages back to the 18th century when England was trading porcelain and tea with China. Another form of a global economy that suggests that globalisation is not a new phenomenon is global education. The fact that for so many decades people from around the world leave their countries in order to study somewhere else can also be described as a form of globalisation. Another disadvantage of globalisation is that increases the chances of civil wars in developing countries. Also, it deteriorates the environment in developing countries since they have only a few regulations as concerns this fact. In the developing countries the governments are usually corrupted and this is another reason why big multinational companies choose to establish their factories there. ...read more. Another trading block is NAFTA, which is the North America Free Trade Agreement that takes place between the government of Canada, Mexico and the United States. In conclusion, the main idea of globalisation is that trade is becoming more and more open between countries and barriers to entry are constantly decreasing. Finally the overall conclusion of the essay is that globalisation is not a new phenomenon even though some believe that it is, because of the fact that it is more popular in the last 20 years due to technological advances. Globalisation will continue in the near future as countries like China and India are the new big powers and they will continue to increase the export of goods and services. Now as the UK is concerned, it is certainly a country that is playing a big part in the process of globalisation since is the centre of all business transactions especially in the European Union. Reference List Brah, Avtar (1999). Global Futures Migration, Environment and Globalisation Coate, Roger (1982). Global Issue Regimes, USA, Praeger Garlake T. (2003) ?The Challenge of Globalisation: a handbook for teachers of 11-16 year olds?. Oxford, Oxfam Hambleton, Robin (2002). Globalism and Local Democracy, Great Britain, Palgrave Hicks D, in Hicks, D. & Holden, C. (2007) Teaching the Global Dimension, London, Routledge http://www.ustr.gov/trade-agreements/free-trade-agreements/north-american-free-trade-agreement-nafta ...read more. The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our University Degree International Politics section. Found what you're looking for?
What Is Globalization?Globalization refers to the spread of the flow of financial products, goods, technology, information, and jobs across national borders and cultures. In economic terms, it describes an interdependence of nations around the globe fostered through free trade. Key Takeaways
GlobalizationUnderstanding GlobalizationCorporations gain a competitive advantage on multiple fronts through globalization. They can reduce operating costs by manufacturing abroad, buy raw materials more cheaply because of the reduction or removal of tariffs, and most of all, they gain access to millions of new consumers. Globalization is a social, cultural, political, and legal phenomenon.
On one hand, globalization has created new jobs and economic growth through the cross-border flow of goods, capital, and labor. On the other hand, this growth and job creation are not distributed evenly across industries or countries. Specific industries in certain countries, such as textile manufacturing in the U.S. or corn farming in Mexico, have suffered severe disruption or outright collapse as a result of increased international competition. Globalization's motives are idealistic, as well as opportunistic, but the development of a global free market has benefited large corporations based in the Western world. Its impact remains mixed for workers, cultures, and small businesses around the globe, in both developed and emerging nations. The History of GlobalizationGlobalization is not a new concept. Traders traveled vast distances in ancient times to buy commodities that were rare and expensive for sale in their homelands. The Industrial Revolution brought advances in transportation and communication in the 19th century that eased trade across borders. The think tank, Peterson Institute for International Economics (PIIE), states globalization stalled after World War I, and nations' moved toward protectionism as they launched import taxes to more closely guard their industries in the aftermath of the conflict. This trend continued through the Great Depression and World War II until the U.S. took on an instrumental role in reviving international trade. Globalization has sped up at an unprecedented pace, with public policy changes and communications technology innovations cited as the two main driving factors. One of the critical steps in the path to globalization came with the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), signed in 1993. One of NAFTA's many effects was to give American auto manufacturers the incentive to relocate a portion of their manufacturing to Mexico where they could save on the costs of labor. NAFTA was replaced in 2020 by the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMC). Governments worldwide have integrated a free market economic system through fiscal policies and trade agreements over the last 20 years. The core of most trade agreements is the removal or reduction of tariffs. This evolution of economic systems has increased industrialization and financial opportunities in many nations. Governments now focus on removing barriers to trade and promoting international commerce. Pros and Cons of GlobalizationProsProponents of globalization believe it allows developing countries to catch up to industrialized nations through increased manufacturing, diversification, economic expansion, and improvements in standards of living. Outsourcing by companies brings jobs and technology to developing countries, which helps them to grow their economies. Trade initiatives increase cross-border trading by removing supply-side and trade-related constraints. Globalization has advanced social justice on an international scale as well, and advocates report that it has focused attention on human rights worldwide that might have otherwise been ignored on a large scale. ConsOne clear result of globalization is that an economic downturn in one country can create a domino effect through its trade partners. For example, the 2008 financial crisis had a severe impact on Portugal, Ireland, Greece, and Spain. All these countries were members of the European Union, which had to step in to bail out debt-laden nations, which were thereafter known by the acronym PIIGS. Globalization detractors argue that it has created a concentration of wealth and power in the hands of a small corporate elite that can gobble up smaller competitors around the globe. Globalization has become a polarizing issue in the U.S. with the disappearance of entire industries to new locations abroad. It's seen as a major factor in the economic squeeze on the middle class. For better and worse, globalization has also increased homogenization. Starbucks, Nike, and Gap dominate commercial space in many nations. The sheer size and reach of the U.S. have made the cultural exchange among nations largely a one-sided affair. Pros and Cons of GlobalizationPros
Cons
What Is Globalization and Why Is it Important?In essence, globalization is about the world becoming increasingly interconnected. Countries today are more connected than ever before, due to factors such as air travel, containerized sea shipping, international trade agreements and legal treaties, and the Internet. In the world of business, globalization is associated with trends such as outsourcing, free trade, and international supply chains. Globalization is important as it increases the size of the global market, and allows more and different goods to be produced and sold for cheaper prices. Globalization is also important because it is one of the most powerful forces affecting the modern world, so much so that it can be difficult to make sense of the world without understanding globalization. For example, many of the largest and most successful corporations in the world are in effect truly multinational organizations, with offices and supply chains stretched right across the world. These companies would not be able to exist if not for the complex network of trade routes, international legal agreements, and telecommunications infrastructure that were made possible through globalization. Important political developments, such as the ongoing trade conflict between the United States and China, are also directly related to globalization. Is Globalization Good or Bad?It depends. Proponents of globalization will point to the dramatic decline in poverty that has taken place throughout the world over the past several decades, which many economists attribute in part to increased trade and investment between nations. Similarly, they will argue that globalization has allowed products and services such as cellphones, airplanes, and information technology to be spread far more widely throughout the world. On the other hand, critics of globalization will point to the negative impact it has had on specific nations’ industries, which might face increased competition from international firms. Globalization can also have negative environmental impacts due to economic development, industrialization, and international travel. How Does Globalization Impact Society?Globalization has had a large impact on societies around the world, leading to massive migrations from rural to industrial or urban areas, leading to the rapid growth of cities and trade hubs. While this has led to an overall increase in incomes and a higher standard of living in general, it has also led to problems of urbanization including crime, domestic violence, homelessness, and poverty. Concepts of national
identity, culture, and consumption patterns also change as goods from around the world become increasingly available and at low prices. The competitiveness of global capitalism may also lead to more individualistic ideals that contradict the cultural orientations of certain, more collectivist societies. What Is an Example of Globalization?A simple example of globalization would be a car manufactured in the U.S. that sources parts from China, Japan, S. Korea, Sri Lanka, and South Africa. The car is then exported to Europe, where it is sold to a driver who fills the car's gas tank with gasoline refined from Saudi oil. Why globalization is a recent phenomenon?Globalization is considered a new phenomenon, but in reality, it is not a new phenomenon. From the early stage of life, there is an interaction between the various types of people at the global level. It only gets more accelerated because of the involvement of new techniques and communication in the country.
Is globalization a recent phenomenon?We might think of globalization as a relatively new phenomenon, but it's been around for centuries. One example is the Silk Road, when trade spread rapidly between China and Europe via an overland route.
Is globalization a new phenomenon in the world politics explain?Although the phenomenon of globalization is not new, political, economic, and technological developments in the 1990s accelerated the processes of globalization and contributed to the emergence of a public debate about its advantages and disadvantages.
Is globalization a pre modern or modern phenomenon?Though many scholars situate the origins of globalization in the modern era (around the 19th century), others regard it as a phenomenon with a long history, dating back thousands of years (a concept known as archaic globalization).
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