We strive to make our website accessible and enjoyable for all users and are committed to achieving Level AA conformance for this website in conformance with the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0 and achieving compliance with other accessibility standards. However, if there is any information you cannot easily access, please call a Salomon customer service agent at or contact us through the contact form for alternate means of communication.
When practicing outdoor sports, you need to protect yourself from the elements (rain, wind, snow, cold temperatures, etc.) by means of good perspiration management. The three-layer system
helps you choose the right clothes while taking into account the weather conditions and the sport practiced. Three layers of clothing will keep you dry and warm: a base layer for removing moisture, a mid-layer to keep you warm, and an outer layer to protect you from the elements. When we exert ourselves our body
temperature increases. To prevent overheating, our body's response is to perspire. The evaporation of sweat on the surface of our skin cools our body down. When sweat comes into contact with the air, which is usually colder, the water vapor condenses and turns into water on the skin's surface. A wet t-shirt, especially if it is made from an absorbent material like cotton, will make you feel cold as soon as
you stop exercising due to the moisture that stays in contact with your skin. The aim of a base layer worn next to your skin is to wick sweat away so that you stay dry. When practicing sports you need a base layer that removes moisture, so forget the famous cotton t-shirt which is very absorbent and takes a long time to dry! Synthetic materials like polyester or polyamide are water-resistant: they don't absorb water. Any moisture moves toward the outside of the clothing so it isn't in contact with your skin. Wearing a t-shirt made from a synthetic material allows your body to regulate its temperature without feeling cold. These materials also dry very quickly. There are also base layers that are made from merino wool. Wool can absorb up to 33% of its weight in water, so why do we use it as a base layer? This really absorbent material prevents perspiration from staying in contact with your skin and even wet wool is a good insulator. Lastly, wool prevents odors from developing so you don't have to wash your merino clothes after each wear. Base layers made from merino wool are, therefore, particularly useful for low-intensity exercise. There are also materials that are a mix of synthetic fibers and wool. They allow you to make the most of their respective qualities combined in one outfit.
Insulating mid-layers to keep you warmA mid-layer will protect you from the cold by conserving the heat generated by your body. The ability of the fibers to keep the air locked in is what makes it an insulating layer. The more air it locks in, the more your clothes will maintain your body heat. Adapt your mid-layer to your warmth requirements:
Waterproof or shielding outer-layer to protect you from the elementsWhen protecting ourselves against the elements, we immediately think of Gore-Tex jackets, yet there are other brands of waterproof and breathable membranes. If you want to compare their waterproofness, there is a water column test (Schmerber rating) that measures (in millimeters) the resistance of the fabric to water pressure. For example, Gore-Tex jackets have a rating of 28000 Schmerber. Waterproof clothing also has waterproof seams. Membrane breathability is measured in g/m2/24 hours or, for the Gore-Tex brand, the RET value is used (measurement of the resistance to evaporative heat loss). The more breathable the fabric, the more suited it is to high-intensity exercise. Some jackets have zippered vents to improve perspiration removal. For extra protection against the wind, while remaining breathable, some clothes are made from the 'Windstopper' membrane. Water-repellent clothing, also called softshell, is very flexible and feels nice to wear. It is breathable, so sweat is removed when you exert yourself. If the weather conditions deteriorate, the water-repellent treatment on the outer shell of the material, or in some cases on all of the membrane, will be enough to protect you from light rain or a quick rain or snow shower. Adapt your layering to the weather conditionsThe layering system encourages the removal of perspiration as well as protection from the elements. It can accommodate all eventualities. On the same day, the weather conditions, or your requirements can change (a drop-in exercise intensity, deterioration of weather conditions, change in altitude). Remember to adjust your layers taking into account all of these factors, and be prepared by making sure you take everything you'll need in your bag. No mid-layer for trail running in hot weatherWhen it's hot, you will only need to remove perspiration. Just a technical base layer will be suitable. An outer-layer may be necessary to protect you from the rain, but you can go without the mid-layer as you won't need warmth. For a hike in the mountains, think about differences in temperature.When you hike in the mountains, you might come up against a few different scenarios:
Layering keeps you warm, dry, and happy for a good day of skiing. I opt for a wool baselayer, a fleece as my primary midlayer, and a reliable, waterproof, and breathable shell.
Manage the cold and wind when skiingWhen skiing, and for the majority of winter sports, protecting yourself from the cold and wind is essential. A long sleeved base layer is recommended. A ski jacket sometimes combines insulation and protection against the elements (mid and outer-layer). If your jacket doesn't keep you warm enough or it's very cold, you could add a fleece layer as well. To find out more, read our article on how to dress for skiing. Adapt your layering for ski touringThe three-layer system is particularly suited to touring and freetouring. You can pack your insulated jacket in your bag while climbing so you don't overheat, and then put it on before skiing down. You can stow your windbreaker and waterproof jacket in your backpack during nice weather but might prefer to wear it for protection from the cold wind that can often be felt in the mountains in winter. Of course, if it snows it will also keep you dry. The three-layer system can also be used on the lower half of your body, but generally your legs don't perspire as much, so the principle is simpler. Ski pants combine insulation and protection and can, therefore, be worn next to your
skin or with a thermal layer underneath. On a summer hike, shorts or light pants are often enough. You can add rain pants over the top if it rains or if it's windy. Women's base layers Women's midlayersWomen's outer-layers What are the 3 layers?The earth is made up of three different layers: the crust, the mantle and the core.
...
The core.. What are the 3 layers of the mantle?The mantle is divided into several layers: the upper mantle, the transition zone, the lower mantle, and D” (D double-prime), the strange region where the mantle meets the outer core.
What is the 3rd layer of the Earth?The outer core is the third layer of the Earth. It is the only liquid layer, and is mainly made up of the metals iron and nickel, as well as small amounts of other substances. The outer core is responsible for Earth's magnetic field.
What are Earth's 3 compositional layers?Compositional Layers. |