"Activating prior knowledge is something that we do naturally as adult readers, as mature readers. We always relate what we're reading to something we know. As a matter of fact when we read we really have to think about those connections. Sometimes students don’t access their background knowledge because they never think that it's important or if they don’t have the background knowledge the teacher doesn’t have an opportunity to really build that background knowledge"
(Clewell, 2012).
Definition/Description: Activating Prior Knowledge is important in students understanding, because it allows them and helps make connections to the new information. By using what students already know, it helps the teacher assist students with the learning process because it give him/her an idea of what students know and what they still need to learn. It is simply to use background knowledge
to make understanding of what the text mean. According to schema theory, as students learn about the world, they develop a schema and are allowed to make connections to many other things. Piaget’s schema theory make activating prior knowledge before reading essential, because according to his research when we can connect something “old” to something new it helps us better understand the new. As students are reading they are able to access their schema and make understand of the text and use
their experiences. When students and teachers applied schema theory to reading comprehension readers constantly connect their background knowledge to the new knowledge in a text to help them make sense of the reading (Gunning, 2012). The YouTube video to the left is demonstrating how to activate student's prior knowledge before the lesson to help them
figure out what the text might be about. It also talks about how student use their schema to help them predict what the text might be about. The teacher questions her students to elicit their knowledge before. This video is for 6-8th grades for reading ELLs. This video demonstrated how to incorporate students prior knowledge to understand the text. This is important to have background information that one can relate to a text, especially when English is not the first language
of the student.
| - The picture to the left demonstrates how this strategy helps students before and during reading to use what they already know and apply it to the new information/topic
Justification: This is a broad strategy that uses many different strategies and graphic organizers to help students comprehend what they read. From our text it stress how background knowledge and activating prior knowledge are not the same, but how teachers can use the prior knowledge to know what students need and build on what they know and what is from their culture (Echevarría, Vogt, and Short, 2013). This strategy helps ELLs
because they all have different background, but all of their experiences can be used to help better understand a new concept. According to text when teachers assist students in developing their background knowledge and using their experience for learning new information it helps them gain a better understand of the content, because they are able to use what they already know (Echevarría, Vogt, and Short, 2013).
The quote above is from this video by Suzanne
Clewell. In the video she describes how activating prior knowledge is not natural for students, however it is a good strategy to help student comprehend their readings. In the video she state it builds background knowledge which according to our text is critical in student literacy development (Echevarría, Vogt, and Short, 2013).
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Purpose: To help them make connections of prior knowledge and apply it into the new material. This helps students understanding what they are reading. Since background knowledge is made up of a person's experiences with the world, with his or her concepts for how written text works, word identification, print concepts, word meaning, and how text is
organized, students are constantly able to apply prior learning into the new information.
| Tips: - Have questions prepared to ask students.
- Use visual representations
- Model the first time
- Allow students to communicate with others and share.
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Content Area Examples:
Reading: - Questioning before, during, or after a story.
- Have students share an experience related to the topic with a partner.
- Relating a story that might be in
their culture, such as Cinderella is in many different cultures
Math: - Questioning before, during, or after lesson, activity, etc.
- Have student relate new material to existing, for example how does adding and subtracting relate.
- How can you use same math strategies in a new concept, example how does problem solving tie over from adding to subtracting.
- The picture to the right demonstrates how students can use their prior knowledge in math. It
is showing how using prior knowledge can eliminate taking the load road to solve a problem and simply using short cuts about what we already know to solve!
Science: - Questioning before, during, or after lesson, activity, etc.
- Real life experience they have has related to the topic.
Lesson Example: The lesson below demonstrate how students can use more than just information, but they can also use their prior experience, such as sense, to
help understand a book. This would help ELLs because even though our language is different our sense are the same, unless there is a disability. This lesson example demonstrates how this strategy is one way that ELLs can use what they have already experiences, including there senses, and apply it to something completely new.
(Into the book, 2015)
Additional Links for: Information, Lessons, and Material References:
Echevarría, J., Vogt, M. E., & Short, D. (2013). Making content comprehensible for Elementary English language learners: The SIOP model. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Gunning, T. G. (2012). Creating literacy instruction for all children in
grades pre-K to 4. 2nd Edition. Boston: A and B. Into the book: Reading Resources (2015). Activating your five senses lesson. [imagine] Retrieved on September 18, From http://reading.ecb.org/ Stec, M., (2014).Prior knowledge (Schema) Anchor Char). [imagine]. Retrieved September 18, From 2015.https://www.pinterest.com/pin/182184747401665335/ Wayne Township HOSTS (n.d). [Chart with definition and use before and during reading]. Retrieved
September 18, From
http://www.wayne.k12.in.us/hosts/reading_strag.asp
Why is it important to know the prior knowledge of our students?
Prior knowledge has long been considered the most important factor influencing learning and student achievement. The amount and quality of prior knowledge positively influence both knowledge acquisition and the capacity to apply higher-order cognitive problem-solving skills.
Why is it important to assess students during instruction?
Student assessment enables instructors to measure the effectiveness of their teaching by linking student performance to specific learning objectives. As a result, teachers are able to institutionalize effective teaching choices and revise ineffective ones in their pedagogy.
How do you determine student prior knowledge?
There are several different methods to assess pre-existing knowledge and skills in students. Some are direct measures, such as tests, concept maps, portfolios, auditions, etc, and others are more indirect, such as self-reports, inventory of prior courses and experiences, etc.
What is the purpose of knowledge assessment?
Knowledge assessment is inseparable part of current e-learning technologies. It can be used for self-assessment of students to give them feedback about their progress in a study or for an intermediate or final grading for tutors. However, knowledge tests are not developed with the adequate care.
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