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After creating a file system, by default only the root user (UID 0) has read, write, and execute permissions. For other users to modify the file system, the root user must explicitly grant them access. You can use access points to automate the creation of directories that a nonroot user can write from. For more information, see Working with Amazon EFS access points. Amazon EFS file system objects have a Unix-style mode associated with them. This mode value defines the permissions for performing actions on that object. Users familiar with Unix-style systems can easily understand how Amazon EFS behaves with respect to these permissions. Additionally, on Unix-style systems, users and groups are mapped to numeric identifiers, which Amazon EFS uses to represent file ownership. For Amazon EFS, file system objects (that is, files, directories, and so on) are owned by a single owner and a single group. Amazon EFS uses the mapped numeric IDs to check permissions when a user attempts to access a file system object. Following, you can find examples of permissions and a discussion about NFS permissions considerations for Amazon EFS. Example Amazon EFS file system use cases and permissionsAfter you create an Amazon EFS file system and mount targets for the file system in your VPC, you can mount the remote file system locally on your Amazon EC2 instance. The mount command can mount any directory in the file system. However, when you first create the file system, there is only one root directory at /. The following mount command mounts the root directory of an Amazon EFS file system, identified by the file system DNS name, on the /efs-mount-point local directory. sudo mount -t nfs -o nfsvers=4.1,rsize=1048576,wsize=1048576,hard,timeo=600,retrans=2,noresvport file-system-id.efs.aws-region.amazonaws.com:/ efs-mount-pointThe root user and root group own the mounted directory. The initial permissions mode allows:
Only the root user can modify this directory. The root user can also grant other users permissions to write to this directory, for example:
User and Group ID Permissions for Files and Directories Within a File SystemFiles and directories in an Amazon EFS file system support standard Unix-style read, write, and execute permissions based on the user ID and group IDs. When an NFS client mounts an EFS file system without using an access point, the user ID and group ID provided by the client is trusted. You can use EFS access points to override user ID and group IDs used by the NFS client. When users attempt to access files and directories, Amazon EFS checks their user IDs and group IDs to verify that each user has permission to access the objects. Amazon EFS also uses these IDs to indicate the owner and group owner for new files and directories that the user creates. Amazon EFS doesn't examine user or group names—it only uses the numeric identifiers. When you create a user on an EC2 instance, you can assign any numeric user ID (UID) and group ID (GID) to the user. The numeric user IDs are set in the /etc/passwd file on Linux systems. The numeric group IDs are in the /etc/group file. These files define the mappings between names and IDs. Outside of the EC2 instance, Amazon EFS doesn't perform any authentication of these IDs, including the root ID of 0. If a user accesses an Amazon EFS file system from two different EC2 instances, depending on whether the UID for the user is the same or different on those instances you see different behavior, as follows:
You might consider managing user ID mappings across EC2 instances consistently. Users can check their numeric ID using the id command, as shown following. $ id uid=502(joe) gid=502(joe) groups=502(joe)Turn Off the ID MapperThe NFS utilities in the operating system include a daemon called an ID Mapper that manages mapping between user names and IDs. In Amazon Linux, the daemon is called rpc.idmapd and on Ubuntu is called idmapd. It translates user and group IDs into names, and vice versa. However, Amazon EFS deals only with numeric IDs. We recommend that you turn this process off on your EC2 instances. On Amazon Linux, the ID mapper is usually disabled, and if it is don't enable it. To turn off the ID mapper, use the commands shown following. $ service rpcidmapd status $ sudo service rpcidmapd stopNo root squashingBy default, root squashing is disabled on EFS file systems. Amazon EFS behaves like a Linux NFS server with no_root_squash. If a user or group ID is 0, Amazon EFS treats that user as the root user, and bypasses permissions checks (allowing access and modification to all file system objects). Root squashing can be enabled on a client connection when the AWS Identity and Access Management (AWS IAM) identity or resource policy does not allow access to the ClientRootAccess action. When root squashing is enabled, the root user is converted to a user with limited permissions on the NFS server. For more information, see Using IAM to control file system data access and Walkthrough: Enable root squashing using IAM authorization for NFS clients. Permissions cachingAmazon EFS caches file permissions for a small time period. As a result, there might be a brief window where a user whose access was revoked recently can still access that object. Changing file system object ownershipAmazon EFS enforces the POSIX chown_restricted attribute. This means only the root user can change the owner of a file system object. The root or the owner user can change the owner group of a file system object. However, unless the user is root, the group can only be changed to one that the owner user is a member of. EFS access pointsAn access point applies an operating system user, group, and file system path to any file system request made using the access point. The access point's operating system user and group override any identity information provided by the NFS client. The file system path is exposed to the client as the access point's root directory. This approach ensures that each application always uses the correct operating system identity and the correct directory when accessing shared file-based datasets. Applications using the access point can only access data in its own directory and below. For more information about access points, see Working with Amazon EFS access points. What is file access level?In computer science and computer programming, access level denotes the set of permissions or restrictions provided to a data type.
What are file permissions and access levels?System settings that determine who can access specified files and what they can do with those files. When you place files on a web server, you can assign the files various levels of permission for your users. Likewise, companies often use permissions to limit access to their intranet resources.
What is controlled access to files in operating system?File access control protect important computer files. Permissions can be set to grant or deny access to specific files and directories. The most common permissions are read, write, delete, and execute. Permission can be granted or denied to one person at a time or to a group of people.
Which access control permissions allow you to change files and or folders?Full control: Allows users to read, write, change, and delete files and subfolders.
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