There are three types of addresses within the address range of each IPv4 network: Network Address The network address is a standard way to refer to a network. The subnet mask or the prefix length might also be used when referring to network address. For example, the network shown in Figure 1 could be referred to as the 10.1.1.0 network, the 10.1.1.0
255.255.255.0 network or the 10.1.1.0/24 network. All hosts in the 10.1.1.0/24 network will have the same network portion bits. As shown in Figure 2, within the IPv4 address range of a network, the first address is reserved for the network address. This address has a 0 for each host bit in the host portion of the address. All hosts within the network share the same network address. Host Address Every end device requires a unique address to communicate on the network. In
IPv4 addresses, the values between the network address and the broadcast address can be assigned to end devices in a network. As shown in Figure 3, this address has any combination of 0 and 1 bits in the host portion of the address but cannot contain all 0 bits or all 1 bits. Broadcast Address The IPv4 broadcast address is a special address for each network that allows communication to all the hosts in that network. To send data to all hosts in a network at once, a host can
send a single packet that is addressed to the broadcast address of the network, and each host in the network that receives this packet will process its contents. The broadcast address uses the highest address in the network range. This is the address in which the bits in the host portion are all 1s. All 1s in an octet in binary form, is equal to the number 255 in decimal form. Therefore, as shown in Figure 4, for the network 10.1.1.0/24, in which the last octet is used for the host
portion, the broadcast address would be 10.1.1.255. Note that the host portion will not always be an entire octet. This address is also referred to as the directed broadcast. Download Article
Download Article If you are going to set up a network, then you have to know how to distribute the devices on that network. Knowing how to calculate network and broadcast addresses if you have the IP address and subnet mask is essential to setting up a network. This wikiHow teaches you how to calculate your Network address and Broadcast address. -
1 Determine the total number of bits used for subnetting. For a classful network total bits is 8. So Total bits = Tb = 8. The total bits used for subnetting (n) is determined by the subnet mask. - Subnet masks can be 0, 128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254 and 255.
- The number of bits used for subnetting (n) to their corresponding subnet mask is as follows: 0=0, 128=1, 192=2, 224=3, 240=4, 248=5, 252=6, 254=7, and 255=8.
- Subnet
mask 255 is default, so it'll not be considered for subnet masking.
- For example: Let's assume the IP address is 210.1.1.100 and Subnet mask is 255.255.255.224. The total bits= Tb = 8. The number of bits used for subnetting for subnet mask 224 is 3.
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2 Determine the number of bits left to host. The equation to determine the
number of bits left to host is (m) = Tb - n. From the previous step, you got the number of bits used for subnetting (n) and you know the total bits used "Tb=8". then you can get the number of bits left for host by subtracting 8-n. - Using the example above, n=3. The number of bits left for host is (m) = 8 - 3 = 5. 5 is the number of bits you have left to host.
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3 Calculate the number of subnets. The number of subnets is 2n. The number of hosts per subnet = 2m - 2. - In our example, the number of subnets is 2n = 23 = 8. 8 is the total number of subnets.
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4 Calculate the value of the last bit used for subnet masking. The value
of last bit used for subnet masking is (Δ) = 2m. - In our example, the value of last bit used for subnet masking is Δ = 25 = 32. The value of the last bit used is 32.
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5 Calculate the number of hosts per subnet. The number of hosts per subnet is represented by the formula 2m - 2. -
6 Separate the subnets by the value of last bit used for subnet masking. Now you can find previously calculated number of subnets by separating subnets each having value of last bit used for subnet masking or Δ. In our example, Δ=32. So we can separate IP addresses in increments of 32. - The 8 subnets (as calculated in previous step) are shown above.
- Each of them has 32 addresses.
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7 Determine the network and broadcast addresses for the IP addresses. The lowest address in a subnet is the network address. The highest address in a subnet is the broadcast address. -
8 Determine the broadcast address for your IP address. The lowest address of the subnet your IP address falls in is the network address. The highest address in the subnet your IP
address falls in is the broadcast address. Our example IP address 210.1.1.100 falls in the 210.1.1.96 - 210.1.1.127 subnet (see the previous step table). So 210.1.1.96 is network address and 210.1.1.127 is broadcast address. Advertisement
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1 Write the bit-length prefix in bit format. In CIDR, you have a IP
address followed by bit-length prefix separated by slash(/). Now you can start to convert bit-length prefix to quad-dotted by separating the bit-length prefix in increments of 8 and adding the final bit number. - Example: If the bit-length prefix is 27, then write it as 8 + 8 + 8 + 3 .
- Example: If bit-length prefix is 12, then write it as 8 + 4 + 0 + 0 .
- Example: Default bit-length prefix is 32, then write it as 8 + 8 + 8 + 8.
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2 Convert the bit-length prefix to quad-dotted format. Convert the
corresponding bit according to the above table and represent in quad-dotted decimal format. For example, bit-length 27 is represented by 8+8+8+3. This converts to 225.225.225.224. - Using another example, the IP address is 170.1.0.0/26 . Using above table, you can write the bit-length prefix 26 as 8+8+8+2. Using the chart above, this converts to 225.225.225.192. Now the IP address is 170.1.0.0 and subnet mask in quad-dotted decimal format is 255.255.255.192 .
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3 Determine the total number of bits. The total number of bits is represented using the following equation: Tb = 8. -
4 Determine the number of bits used for subnetting. Subnet masks can be 0,
128, 192, 224, 240, 248, 252, 254 and 255. The table above gives you the Number of bits used for subnetting (n) to their corresponding subnet mask. - For subnet mask 255 is default, so it'll not consider for subnet masking.
- From the previous step, you got IP address = 170.1.0.0 and Sub-net mask = 255.255.255.192
- Total bits = Tb = 8
- Number of bits used for subnetting = n. As the subnet mask = 192, its corresponding number of bits used for
Subnetting is 2 from above table.
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5 Calculate the number of bits left to host. From the previous step, you got the number
of bits used for subnetting (n) and you know the total bits (Tb) = 8. Then you can get number of bits left for host is (m) = Tb - n or Tb = m+n. - In our example, the number of bits used for subnetting (n) is 2. So the number of bits left for host is m = 8 - 2 = 6. The total bits left for the host is 6.
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6 Calculate the number of subnets. The Number of subnets
is 2n. - In our example, the number of subnets = 22 = 4. The total number of subnets is 4.
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7 Calculate the value of last bit used for subnet masking. This is
represented with the formula (Δ) = 2m. - In our example, the value of last bit used for subnet masking = Δ = 26 = 64. The value of the last bit used for subnet masking is 64.
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8 Calculate the number of hosts per subnet. The number of hosts per subnet is 2m - 2. -
9 Separate the subnets by the value of the last bit used for subnet
masking. Now you can find previously calculated number of subnets by separating subnets each having the value of last bit used for subnet masking or Δ. - In our example, the last value used for subnet masking is 64. This produces 4 subnets with 64 addresses.
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10 Find which subnet your IP address is in. Our example IP is 170.1.0.0. This falls in
the 170.1.0.0 - 170.1.0.63 subnet. -
11 Determine your broadcast address. The first address in a subnet
is the network address and the last number is the broadcast address. - Our example IP address is 170.1.0.0. So 170.1.0.0 is network address and 170.1.0.63 is broadcast address.
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1 Find your IP address and subnet address. On PC, you can
Find your IP address by typing "ipconfig" into the command prompt. Your IP address is next to IPv4 address, and you can find the subnet address right below it in the command prompt. On Mac, you can find your IP address and subnet address in the Network
app in System Preferences. -
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3 Enter the IP address in the field that says Address (Host or network). The website will try to detect your IP address automatically. Double-check it to make sure it is detecting the correct address. If it is not correct, enter the correct address. -
4 Enter the subnet mask in
"Netmask" field. Again, the website will try to automatically detect your subnet address. Double-check to make sure that it is correct. You can enter the field in CDIR format (I.E /24) or dotted-decimal format (i.E 255.255.255.0). -
5 Click Calculate. It is the button below the IP address field. Your network
address will be listed next to "Network" in the results below the text fields. Your broadcast address will be listed next to "Broadcast" in the results below your text fields. Advertisement
Add New Question Question How do I find the last address host? Broadcast address -1. BC - 1 in this way you can find out the last host address.
Question How can I find the network for an IP address? After you borrow bits find out your block size, it will be the first
address of each block. For example, if the block size is 32, 192.1.4.0 is your network IP. 192.1.4.31 is your broadcast. Question How do I find IP addresses? Tim Newman Community Answer If you're looking for a public IP address, Googling "ip" should be sufficient to
receive an answer. If you're looking for your private IP address (stored on the router), open CMD (windows button + R and type in cmd), and type "ipconfig".
See more answers Ask a Question 200 characters left Include your email address to get a message when this question
is answered. Submit Advertisement Examples- IP address = 100.5.150.34 and subnet mask = 255.255.240.0
Total bits = Tb = 8
| Subnet Mask
| 0
| 128
| 192
| 224
| 240
| 248
| 252
| 254
| 255
| | No. of bits used for Subnetting (n)
| 0
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 4
| 5
| 6
| 7
| 8
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Number of bits used for subnetting for subnet mask 240 = n1 = 4
(as subnet mask = 240 and its corresponding "No. of bits used for Subnetting" is 4 from above table) Number of bits used for subnetting for subnet mask 0 = n2 = 0
(as subnet mask = 0 and its corresponding "No. of bits used for Subnetting" is 0 from above table) Number of bits left for host for subnet mask 240 = m1 = Tb -
n1 = 8 - 4 = 4
Number of bits left for host for subnet mask 0 = m2 = Tb - n2 = 8 - 0 = 8 Number of subnets for subnet mask 240 = 2n1 = 24 = 16
Number of subnets for subnet mask 0 = 2n2 = 20 = 1 Value of last bit used for subnet masking for subnet mask 240 = Δ1 = 2m1 = 24 = 16
Value of last bit used for subnet masking
for subnet mask 0 = Δ2 = 2m2 = 28 = 256 For subnet mask 240, addresses will be separated by 16 and for subnet mask 0, it'll be 256. Using Δ1 and Δ2 value, the 16 subnets are given below
| 100.5.0.0 - 100.5.15.255
| 100.5.16.0 - 100.5.31.255
| 100.5.32.0 - 100.5.47.255
| 100.5.48.0 - 100.5.63.255
| | 100.5.64.0 - 100.5.79.255
| 100.5.80.0 - 100.5.95.255
| 100.5.96.0 - 100.5.111.255
| 100.5.112.0 - 100.5.127.255
| | 100.5.128.0 - 100.5.143.255
| 100.5.144.0 - 100.5.159.255
| 100.5.160.0 - 100.5.175.255
| 100.5.176.0 - 100.5.191.255
| | 100.5.192.0 - 100.5.207.255
| 100.5.208.0 - 100.5.223.255
| 100.5.224.0 - 100.5.239.255
| 100.5.240.0 - 100.5.255.255
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IP address 100.5.150.34 comes in 100.5.144.0 - 100.5.159.255 and hence 100.5.144.0 is the network address and 100.5.159.255 is the broadcast address.
- IP address in CIDR = 200.222.5.100/9
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IP address = 200.222.5.100 and subnet mask = 255.128.0.0
Total bits = Tb = 8
| Subnet Mask
| 0
| 128
| 192
| 224
| 240
| 248
| 252
| 254
| 255
| | No. of bits used for Subnetting (n)
| 0
| 1
| 2
| 3
| 4
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| 8
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Number of bits used for subnetting for subnet mask 128 = n1 = 1
(as subnet mask = 128 and its corresponding "No. of bits used for Subnetting" is 1 from above table) Number of bits used for subnetting for subnet mask 0 = n2 = n3 = 0
(as subnet mask = 0 and its corresponding "No. of bits used for Subnetting" is 0 from above table) Number of bits left for host for subnet mask 128 = m1 =
Tb - n1 = 8 - 1 = 7
Number of bits left for host for subnet mask 0 = m2 = m3 = Tb - n2 = Tb - n3 = 8 - 0 = 8 Number of subnets for subnet mask 128 = 2n1 = 21 = 2
Number of subnets for subnet mask 0 = 2n2 = 2n3 = 20 = 1 Value of last bit used for subnet masking for subnet mask 128 = Δ1 =
2m1 = 27 = 128
Number of host per subnet = 2m1 - 2 = 27 - 2 = 126 Value of last bit used for subnet masking for subnet mask 0 = Δ2 = Δ3 = 2m2 = 2m3 = 28 = 256
Number of host per subnet for subnet mask 0 = 2m2 - 2 = 2m3 - 2 = 28 - 2 = 254 For subnet mask 128, addresses will be
separated by 128 and for subnet mask 0, it'll be 256. Using Δ1, Δ2 and Δ3 value, the 2 subnets are given below
| 200.0.0.0 - 200.127.255.255
| 200.128.0.0 - 200.255.255.255
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IP address 200.222.5.100 comes in 200.128.0.0 - 200.255.255.255 and hence 200.128.0.0 is the network address and 200.255.255.255 is the broadcast address.
In CIDR, just after you convert the bit-length prefix to quad-dotted decimal format, you can follow the same procedure as for Classful network. <b>Thanks! We’re glad this was helpful.</b><br />Looking for
more fun ways to learn on wikiHow?<br />Learn about yourself with <a href='/Quizzes'><b>Quizzes</b></a> or try our brand new <a href='/Games/Train-Your-Brain'><b>Train Your Brain</b></a> word game. This method is only for IPv4, not applicable for IPv6. <b>Thanks! We’re glad this was helpful.</b><br />Looking for more fun ways to learn on wikiHow?<br />Learn about
yourself with <a href='/Quizzes'><b>Quizzes</b></a> or try our brand new <a href='/Games/Train-Your-Brain'><b>Train Your Brain</b></a> word game.
Thanks for submitting a tip for review! Advertisement About This ArticleArticle SummaryX 1. Assume the total number of bits used for subnetting is Tb = 8.
2. Find how many bits used for subnetting (n) according to the following subnet masks:0=0, 128=1, 192=2, 224=3, 240=4, 248=5, 252=6, 254=7, and 255=8
3. Use the formula (m) = Tb - n to
determine the number of bits left to host.
4. Use the formula 2m - 2 to calculate the number of subnets.
5. Use the formula Δ = 2m to calculate the value of the last bit used for subnet masking.
6. Separate subnets using the value fo teh last bit used for subnet masking.
7. Determine which subnet your IP address fall in.
8. Use the first address in the subnet to determine the network address. 9. Use the last address in the subnet to determine the broadcast
address. Did this summary help you? Thanks to all authors for creating a page that has been read 691,582 times. Reader Success StoriesIs this article up to date?
Which IP address is the network broadcast address?
The broadcast address is always identified in the final part of the host part of an address (starts in the third or fourth octet): If all host bits are set to the binary value “1”, this is the broadcast address. If all host bits are set to the value “0”, this is the subnet address. 192.128.
What is network and broadcast address in subnet?
The first address in a subnet is the network address and the last number is the broadcast address. Our example IP address is 170.1. 0.0.
Which address is a broadcast address?
The address is the highest numeric value of the address format being used. An Ethernet broadcast address is all binary 1's. An IP broadcast address is the highest number in its class; for example, the broadcast address of a Class C 192.168. 16.0 network is 192.168.
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