Which of the following is not an activity of OS with respect to process management?

1. Memory management
2. Process Management
3. File management
4. Database management

Answer (Detailed Solution Below)

Option 4 : Database management

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The correct answer is Database management.

• An operating system is a program on which application programs are executed and acts as a communication bridge (interface) between the user and the computer hardware. 
• The main task an operating system carries out is the allocation of resources and services, such as the allocation of memory, devices, processors, and information.
• The operating system also includes programs to manage these resources, such as a traffic controller, a scheduler, a memory management module, I/O programs, and a file system. 

• Memory Management 
  • The operating system manages the Primary Memory or Main Memory.
  • Main memory is made up of a large array of bytes or words where each byte or word is assigned a certain address.
  • Main memory is fast storage and it can be accessed directly by the CPU. For a program to be executed, it should be first loaded in the main memory.
• Processor Management 
  • In a multiprogramming environment, the OS decides the order in which processes have access to the processor, and how much processing time each process has.
  • This function of OS is called process scheduling.
• File Management 
  • A file system is organized into directories for efficient or easy navigation and usage. These directories may contain other directories and other files.
• Database management system (DBMS)
  • It is a software package designed to define, manipulate, retrieve and manage data in a database.
  • A DBMS generally manipulates the data itself, the data format, field names, record structure, and file structure.
  • It also defines rules to validate and manipulate this data. 

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Terms in this set (12)

a. Program execution. The operating system loads the contents (or sections) of a file into memory and begins its execution. A user level program could not be trusted to properly allocate CPU time.
b. I/O operations. Disks, tapes, serial lines, and other devices must be communicated with at a very low level. The user need only specify the device and the operation to perform on it, while the system converts that request into device- or controller-specific commands. User-level programs cannot be trusted to access only devices they should have access to and to access them only when they are otherwise unused.
c. File-systemmanipulation. There aremany details in file creation, deletion, allocation, and naming that users should not have to perform. Blocks of disk space are used by files and must be tracked. Deleting a file requires removing the name file information and freeing the allocated blocks. Protections must also be checked to assure proper file access. User programs could neither ensure adherence to protection methods nor be trusted to allocate only free blocks and deallocate blocks on file deletion.
d. Communications. Message passing between systems requires messages to be turned into packets of information, sent to the network controller, transmitted across a communications medium, and reassembled by the destination system. Packet ordering and data correction must take place. Again, user programs might not coordinate access to the network device, or they might receive packets destined for other processes.
e. Error detection. Error detection occurs at both the hardware and software levels. At the hardware level, all data transfers must be inspected to ensure that data have not been corrupted in transit. All data on media must be checked to be sure they have not changed since they were written to the media. At the software level, media must be checked for data consistency; for instance, whether the number of allocated and unallocated blocks of storage match the total number on the device. There, errors are frequently process-independent (for instance, the corruption of data on a disk), so there must be a global program (the operating system) that handles all types of errors. Also, by having errors processed by the operating system, processes need not contain code to catch
and correct all the errors possible on a system.

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