Cpi 2023

Inflation measured by consumer price index (CPI) is defined as the change in the prices of a basket of goods and services that are typically purchased by specific groups of households. Inflation is measured in terms of the annual growth rate and in index, 2015 base year with a breakdown for food, energy and total excluding food and energy. Inflation measures the erosion of living standards. A consumer price index is estimated as a series of summary measures of the period-to-period proportional change in the prices of a fixed set of consumer goods and services of constant quantity and characteristics, acquired, used or paid for by the reference population. Each summary measure is constructed as a weighted average of a large number of elementary aggregate indices. Each of the elementary aggregate indices is estimated using a sample of prices for a defined set of goods and services obtained in, or by residents of, a specific region from a given set of outlets or other sources of consumption goods and services.

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Definition of Inflation (CPI)

Inflation measured by consumer price index (CPI) is defined as the change in the prices of a basket of goods and services that are typically purchased by specific groups of households. Inflation is measured in terms of the annual growth rate and in index, 2015 base year with a breakdown for food, energy and total excluding food and energy. Inflation measures the erosion of living standards. A consumer price index is estimated as a series of summary measures of the period-to-period proportional change in the prices of a fixed set of consumer goods and services of constant quantity and characteristics, acquired, used or paid for by the reference population. Each summary measure is constructed as a weighted average of a large number of elementary aggregate indices. Each of the elementary aggregate indices is estimated using a sample of prices for a defined set of goods and services obtained in, or by residents of, a specific region from a given set of outlets or other sources of consumption goods and services.

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Inflation forecast is measured in terms of the consumer price index (CPI) or harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) for euro area countries, the euro area aggregate and the United Kingdom. Inflation measures the general evolution of prices. It is defined as the change in the prices of a basket of goods and services that are typically purchased by households. Projections are based on an assessment of the economic climate in individual countries and the world economy, using a combination of model-based analyses and expert judgement. The indicator is expressed in annual growth rates.

Latest publication

Definition of Inflation forecast

Inflation forecast is measured in terms of the consumer price index (CPI) or harmonised index of consumer prices (HICP) for euro area countries, the euro area aggregate and the United Kingdom. Inflation measures the general evolution of prices. It is defined as the change in the prices of a basket of goods and services that are typically purchased by households. Projections are based on an assessment of the economic climate in individual countries and the world economy, using a combination of model-based analyses and expert judgement. The indicator is expressed in annual growth rates.

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Inflation-control target, along with flexible exchange rate, is the main instrument of the monetary policy of the Bank of Canada. The target inflation rate renewed by the Bank most recently in October 2016, is aimed at keeping consumer price inflation in Canada at the level of 2 percent midpoint of a target range of 1 to 3 percent over the five-year period up to 2021. Such inflation rate is believed to preserve the value of money by keeping low, stable and predictable prices.

As of 2017, CPI inflation in Canada was in the bottom half of the target range - at the level of 1.4 to 1.6 percent. In 2018, inflation is expected to rise by the major international agencies including IMF, UN, EC, OECD and EIU approaching to the midpoint of the target range and achieving the level of 1.9 to 2.2 percent. In 2019, inflation in Canada is projected to change little or even slightly decrease. Agencies which produce projections for the period beyond 2019, namely, IMF and EIU, expect Canadian inflation rate to growth or does not change in 2019 with subsequent gradual rebound to the target level in the next two years.

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