Why are infants particularly vulnerable to acceleration-deceleration head injuries? Show
The musculoskeletal support of the head is insufficient. The anterior fontanel is not yet closed. Nerve tissue is not well developed. The scalp has extensive vascularity. The musculoskeletal support of the head is insufficient. The mother of a 3-month-old breastfed infant asks about giving her baby water because it is summer and very warm. What is the most appropriate recommendation by the nurse? Fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed. Water should be given if the infant seems to nurse longer than usual. Water once or twice a day will make up for losses resulting from environmental temperature. Clear juices would be better than water to promote adequate fluid intake. Fluids in addition to breast milk are not needed. The parents of a 5-month-old girl complain to the nurse that they are exhausted because she still wakes up as often as every 1 to 2 hours during the night. When she awakens, they change her diaper, and her mother nurses her back to sleep. What should the nurse suggest to help them deal with this problem? Put her in the parents' bed to cuddle. Let her cry herself back to sleep. Start putting her to bed while still awake. Leave her a bottle of formula when put into her crib at night. Start putting her to bed while still awake. The parent of a 12-month-old male infant says to the nurse, "He pushes the teaspoon right out of my hand when I feed him. I can't let him feed himself because he makes too much of a mess." What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? "It's important not to give in to this kind of temper tantrum at this age." "Maybe you need to try a different type of spoon, one designed for young children." "It's important to let make a mess and know it will go away as he gets older." "He's at the stage where he is old enough to begin learning how to feed himself." "He's at the stage where he is old enough to begin learning how to feed himself." Which intervention lowers the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)? Smoking away from the infant Putting the infant to sleep in the supine position Making sure the infant is kept very warm while sleeping Having the infant sleep with parents instead of alone in a crib Putting the infant to sleep in the supine position Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of a 5-month-old infant? Has a neat pincer grasp Has a strong grasp reflex Is able to grasp object voluntarily Can build a tower of two cubes Is able to grasp object voluntarily A parent of an 8-month-old infant tells the nurse that the baby cries and screams whenever the infant is left with the grandparents. The nurse's response is based on which observation? The infant is most likely spoiled. An infant screaming when left with grandparents is a normal reaction for this age. An infant screaming when left with grandparents is an abnormal reaction for this age. The grandparents are not responsive to the infant. An infant screaming when left with grandparents is a normal reaction for this age. An infant is expected to be able to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning by what age? 4 months 6 months 10 months 14 months 10 months Which best describes colic? It is usually the result of poor or inadequate mothering. The infant experiences periods of abdominal pain that result in weight loss. Infants older than 6 months of age experience periods of abdominal pain and crying. It is paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by episodes of loud crying. It is paroxysmal abdominal pain or cramping manifested by episodes of loud crying. Which is the most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain? Rub the infant's gums with aspirin to relieve inflammation. Apply diluted hydrogen peroxide to gums to relieve irritation. Give the child a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation. Have the child chew on a warm teething ring to encourage tooth eruption. Give the child a frozen teething ring to relieve inflammation. Because injuries are a major cause of death during infancy, parents should be alerted to aspiration of foreign objects, suffocation, falls, accidental poisoning, burns, motor vehicle injuries, and bodily injury, as well as preventive actions needed to make the environment safe for infants. The three leading causes of accidental death in infants are suffocation, motor vehicle-related injuries, and drowning. Semiformed, seedy, yellow Colic does not change the appearance, texture, or color of stools. The color, consistency, and texture of the stools would be normal for the type of feeding. In a breastfeeding infant, that would be semiformed, seedy, and yellow. Dark brown, small hard pebbles are not a typical bowel movement of an exclusively breastfed infant. Loose stool with green mucus streaks is not a typical bowel movement of an exclusively breastfed infant. Formed stool with white mucus is not a typical bowel movement of an exclusively breastfed infant. An apparent life-threatening event (ALTE) generally refers to an event that is sudden and frightening to the observer, in which the infant exhibits a combination of apnea, change in color (pallor, cyanosis, redness), change in muscle tone (usually hypotonia), choking, gagging, or coughing; the event usually involves a significant intervention and even cardiopulmonary resuscitation by the caregiver who witnesses the event. The treatment of the infant with an ALTE depends on the underlying condition but may involve continuous home monitoring of cardiorespiratory rhythms with a multichannel pneumogram and, in some cases, the use of a pharmacologic agent. By 36 months, preschoolers are walking, running, climbing, and jumping well. Refinement in eye-hand and muscle coordination is evident in several areas. At age 3, the preschooler rides a tricycle, walks on tiptoe, balances on one foot for a few seconds, and broad jumps. By age 4, the child skips and hops proficiently on one foot and catches a ball reliably. By age 5, the child skips on alternate feet, jumps rope, and begins to skate and swim. Probably the most characteristic and pervasive preschooler activity is imitative, imaginative, and dramatic play. Dress-up clothes, dolls, housekeeping toys, dollhouses, telephones, farm animals and equipment, village sets, trains, trucks, cars, planes, hand puppets, and medical kits provide hours of self-expression. Although the incidence of poisoning has decreased in the last 30 years as a result of more stringent packaging regulations, childhood poisoning remains a serious health concern. The most frequently ingested poisons include cosmetics and personal care products, such as perfume, cologne, or aftershave; medications (acetaminophen, acetylsalicyclic acid, ibuprofen, opioids); household cleaning products (bleaches, laundry pods, disinfectants); and foreign bodies, toys, and miscellaneous substances (dessicants, thermometers, bubble-blowing solutions). Many poisonings reflect the easy accessibility of the product in the home, where more than 90% of poisonings occur. The neurologic system is of most concern when young children are exposed to lead. Mild and moderate lead poisoning can cause a number of cognitive and behavioral problems in young children, including aggression, hyperactivity, impulsivity, delinquency, disinterest, and withdrawal. Long-term neurocognitive signs of lead poisoning include developmental delays, lowered intelligence quotient (IQ), reading skill deficits, visual-spatial problems, visual-motor problems, learning disabilities, and lower academic success. 1) Assess victim (If they aren't alive, won't matter what you do) Which intervention is most appropriate recommendation for relief of teething pain?The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends alternative ways for treating teething pain, including rubbing infants' gums with a clean finger or providing a teething ring made of firm rubber to chew on.
Which recommendation would the nurse provide the parent of an infant experiencing teething pain?For some little teethers, breastfeeding will soothe the pain and they'll want to nurse all day, almost back to the newborn days. For others, the act of sucking may make the gums hurt more. Sometimes, giving them a teething aid like a frozen washcloth or silicone teether can help calm them enough for a feeding.
Which recommendation is appropriate as a substitution for breast milk in a 4 month old infant?Start weaning by replacing one breast milk feeding a day with a bottle of infant formula (for your child younger than 12 months old) or with a cup of plain whole cow's milk or fortified unsweetened soy beverage (for your child 12 months or older). Continue to replace more breast milk feedings over time.
Which gross motor skill is appropriate when assessing a 7 month old?Improved hand-eye coordination.
Pulling objects closer with a raking motion of the hands will give way to more-refined movements, such as picking up objects with just the thumb and forefinger.
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