The food pyramid is to help you make better food choices

We think a lot about the impact our diet has on our own health, but what about the environment?This guide may help you eat better for both.

What the food pyramid and MyPlate did for better nutrition—providing an iconic, at-a-glance guide to what to eat—experts have now done with sustainable eating. Enter the Double Health and Climate Pyramid, created by researchers at the Barilla Foundation, a European think tank focused on food and the environment.

The new tool combines a health and sustainability pyramid side by side: on the left are nutrition guidelines based on scientific literature linking diet to various health outcomes, particularly cardiovascular disease. On the right is an inverted climate pyramid ranking foods based on their environmental impact using data from Su-Eatable Life, a European Union-funded project that examined factors like carbon emissions and water usage. The simple, clever graphic shows that a healthy, sustainable diet might not be so complicated. For the most part, the food groups on both sides of the pyramid line up with each other, demonstrating that what's good for our bodies is good for the planet, too, says Marta Antonelli, Ph.D., the foundation's head of research.

Walter Willett, M.D., a professor of epidemiology and nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in Boston, and co-chair of the EAT-Lancet Commission, whose mission is determining how we can have a healthy, sustainable food system, considers the Double Pyramid a major advance. He hopes it will motivate people to shift to a plant-forward diet.

"We are currently on track to increase global temperature by almost 10 degrees Fahrenheit, which will make much of the world uninhabitable and devastate food production systems," Willett says. "We need to do everything possible to avoid this disaster, and although eliminating the use of fossil fuels is most important, even if we do that, we still won't have a sustainable future unless we change our diets."

This article first appeared in EatingWell magazine, April 2022.

The food pyramid is to help you make better food choices

Generations of Americans are accustomed to the food pyramid design, and it’s not going away. In fact, the Healthy Eating Pyramid and the Healthy Eating Plate (as well as the Kid’s Healthy Eating Plate) complement each other.

Consumers can think of the Healthy Eating Pyramid as a grocery list:

  • Vegetables, fruits, whole grains, healthy oils, and healthy proteins like nuts, beans, fish, and chicken should make it into the shopping cart every week, along with a little yogurt or other dairy foods if desired.
  • The Healthy Eating Pyramid also addresses other aspects of a healthy lifestyle—exercise, weight control, vitamin D, and multivitamin supplements, and moderation in alcohol for people who drink—so it’s a useful tool for health professionals and health educators.
  • The food pyramid is to help you make better food choices
    The Healthy Eating Plate and the companion Healthy Eating Pyramid summarize the best dietary information available today. They aren’t set in stone, though, because nutrition researchers will undoubtedly turn up new information in the years ahead. The Healthy Eating Pyramid and the Healthy Eating Plate will change to reflect important new evidence.

A look back: Problems with the Food Guide Pyramid and MyPyramid

Translating nutrition advice into a colorful pyramid is great way to illustrate what foods make up a healthy diet. The shape immediately suggests that some foods are good and should be eaten often, and that others aren’t so good and should be eaten only occasionally. The layers represent major food groups that contribute to the total diet. The problem with the US government’s original Food Guide Pyramid, released in 1992, was that it conveyed the wrong dietary advice. And MyPyramid, its 2005 replacement, was vague and confusing.

The food pyramid is to help you make better food choices
With an overstuffed breadbasket as its base, the Food Guide Pyramid failed to show that whole wheat, brown rice, and other whole grains are healthier than refined grains. With fat relegated to the “use sparingly” tip, it ignored the health benefits of plant oils—and instead pointed Americans to the type of low-fat diet that can worsen blood cholesterol profiles and make it harder to keep weight in check. It grouped healthy proteins (fish, poultry, beans, and nuts) into the same category as unhealthy proteins (red meat and processed meat), and overemphasized the importance of dairy products.

MyPyramid, unveiled in 2005, was essentially the Food Guide Pyramid turned on its side, without any explanatory text. Six swaths of color swept from the apex of MyPyramid to the base: orange for grains, green for vegetables, red for fruits, a teeny band of yellow for oils, blue for milk, and purple for meat and beans. The widths suggested how much food a person should choose from each group. A band of stairs running up the side of the Pyramid, with a little stick figure chugging up it, served as a reminder of the importance of physical activity.

The food pyramid is to help you make better food choices
According to the USDA, MyPyramid was “designed to be simple,” and to drive people to the USDA’s MyPyramid website where they could get more details. Unless you took the time to become familiar with MyPyramid, though, you would have no idea what it meant. Relying on the website to provide key information—like what the color stripes stand for and what the best choices are in each food group—guaranteed that the millions of Americans without access to a computer or the Internet would have trouble getting these essential facts.

Permission of use

The Healthy Eating Pyramid image on this Web site is owned by Harvard University. It may be downloaded and used without permission for educational and other non-commercial uses with proper attribution, including the following copyright notification and credit line:

Copyright © 2008. For more information about The Healthy Eating Pyramid, please see The Nutrition Source, Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, www.thenutritionsource.org, and and Eat, Drink, and Be Healthy, by Walter C. Willett, M.D., and Patrick J. Skerrett (2005), Free Press/Simon & Schuster Inc.”

Any other use, including commercial reuse or mounting on other systems, requires permission from the Department of Nutrition at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. Please contact us to request permission.

Terms of Use

The contents of this website are for educational purposes and are not intended to offer personal medical advice. You should seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition. Never disregard professional medical advice or delay in seeking it because of something you have read on this website. The Nutrition Source does not recommend or endorse any products.

How can the Food Pyramid help you make better food choices?

Food pyramids are developed to help people build a balanced and varied diet by following the food groups (levels of the pyramid) and consuming them in the right proportions (the size of the levels, from bottom to top).

What is the purpose of Food Pyramid?

The Food Pyramid shows how much of what you eat overall should come from each shelf to achieve a healthy, balanced diet. The shape of the Food Pyramid shows the types of foods and drinks people need to eat most for healthy eating.

Does the Food Pyramid help?

The Size of a Serving – To be clearer on how much of each food you should eat, food guides tell you exactly what constitutes a 'serving' of the foods in a group. Helpful Advice – A food pyramid helps individuals plan for healthier eating in other ways too.

Are Food Pyramid and basic food groups can help you achieve good nutrition?

If each your meals are planned in proportion with the healthy eating pyramid then you are much more likely to achieve your daily requirements for vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, proteins and essential fats.